Enrollment
No. : 165023693099 
Division
:
B
Batch: B2
Semester: 4th
Course: Master of
Computer Applications(MCA)
Subject
: Data Analytics with R
Subject
Code: 3640005
Faculty
Name: Dr.Hetal Thaker
College: Atmiya
Institute Of Technology & Science(AITS)
Bar plot Example
1.Simple Bar Plot
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Definition:
A bar chart represents data in rectangular bars with length of the bar
proportional to the value of the variable. R uses the function barplot()
to create bar charts. R can draw both vertical and horizontal bars in the bar
chart. In bar chart each of the bars can be given different colors.
Syntax: barplot(H, xlab, ylab, main, names.arg, col).
Following is the description of the parameters used −
·
H is a vector or matrix containing numeric
values used in bar chart.
·
xlab is the label for x axis.
·
ylab is the label for y axis.
·
main is the title of the bar chart.
·
names.arg is a vector of names appearing under each
bar.
·
col is used to give colors to the bars in the
graph.
Example:
> mtcars
mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs
Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0
Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0
Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1
Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1
Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0
Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1
Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0
Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1
Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90 1
Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1
Merc 280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90 1
Merc 450SE 16.4 8 275.8 180 3.07 4.070 17.40 0
Merc 450SL 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60 0
Merc 450SLC 15.2 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.780 18.00 0
Cadillac Fleetwood 10.4 8 472.0 205 2.93 5.250 17.98 0
Lincoln Continental 10.4 8 460.0 215 3.00 5.424 17.82 0
Chrysler Imperial 14.7 8 440.0 230 3.23 5.345 17.42 0
Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1
Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1
Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1
Toyota Corona 21.5 4 120.1 97 3.70 2.465 20.01 1
Dodge Challenger 15.5 8 318.0 150 2.76 3.520 16.87 0
AMC Javelin 15.2 8 304.0 150 3.15 3.435 17.30 0
counts <- table(mtcars$gear)
barplot(counts,main = "Car
Distribution",xlab = "Number of Gear")
2.Simple
Horizontal Bar Plot with added Labels.
counts <-
table(mtcars$gear)
barplot(counts,main
= "Car Distribution Demo",horiz = TRUE,
names.arg = c("3
Gears","4 Gears","5 Gears"))
Stacked Bar
Plot
1.Stacked Bar Plot with colors and Legend.
counts <- table(mtcars$vs,mtcars$gear)
barplot(counts,main = "Car Distribution By Gears ans
VS",
xlab="Number of Gears",
horiz = TRUE,
col = c("darkblue","red"),
legend=rownames(counts),
names.arg = c("3 Gears","4 Gears","5
Gears"))
R-Bar chart
1.create a simple bar chart.
H <- c(7,12,28,3,41)
png(file="barchat5.png")
2.current r Working Directory.
H <- c(7,12,28,3,41)
M <-
c("Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul")
#png(file="barchat_Months.png")
barplot(H,names.arg = M,xlab = "Month",
ylab =
"Revenue",
col=c("Red","Blue","Green","Pink","Yellow"),
main =
"Revenue Chart",
border =
"Red")
#dev.off()
3.we can create bar chart with groups of bars and
stcks(Matrix).
colors <-
c("Green","Orange","Brown")
months <-
c("Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul")
regions <-
c("East","West","North")
values <- matrix(c(2,9,3,11,9,4,8,7,3,12,5,2,8,10,11),
nrow=3,ncol=5,
byrow=TRUE)
#png(file="barchart_stacked.png")
barplot(values,main = "Total Revenue",names.arg =
months,xlab = "Month",ylab = "Revenue",col = colors)
legend("topleft",regions,cex=1.3,fill=colors)
#dev.off()
colors <-
c("Green","Red","Blue")
months <-
c("Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul")
regions <-
c("East","West","North")
values <- matrix(c(2,9,3,11,9,4,8,7,3,12,5,2,8,10,11),
nrow=3,ncol=5,
byrow=TRUE)
#png(file="barchart_stacked.png")
barplot(values,main = "Total Revenue",names.arg =
months,xlab = "Month",ylab = "Revenue",col = colors)
legend("topleft",regions,cex=1.3,fill=colors)
#dev.off()
R - Line Graphs
The plot() function in R is used to create the line graph.
Syntax
The basic syntax to create a line chart in R is −plot(v,type,col,xlab,ylab)Following is the description of the parameters used −
·
v is a vector containing the numeric values.
·
type takes the value "p" to draw only
the points, "l" to draw only the lines and "o" to draw both
points and lines.
·
xlab is the label for x axis.
·
ylab is the label for y axis.
·
main is the Title of the chart.
·
col is used to give colors to both the points
and lines.
Example
1.A
simple line chart is created using the input vector and the type parameter as
"O". The below script will create and save a line chart in the
current R working directory.
v <- c(7,12,28,3,41)
png(file = "line_chart.jpg")
plot(v,type = "o")
dev.off()
Line Chart Title, Color and Labels
# Create the data
for the chart.
v <-
c(7,12,28,3,41)
png(file =
"line_chart.jpg")
plot(v,type =
"o")
dev.off()
# Create the data for the chart.
v <- c(7,12,28,3,41)
png(file = "line_chart_label_colored.jpg")
plot(v,type = "o", col = "red", xlab =
"Month", ylab = "Rain fall", main = "Rain fall
chart")
dev.off()
Multiple Lines in a Line Chart
àMore than one line can be drawn on the same chart by using the lines()function.
# Create the data for the chart.
v <- c(7,12,28,3,41)
t <- c(14,7,6,19,3)
# Give the chart file a name.
png(file = "line_chart_2_lines.jpg")
plot(v,type = "o",col =
"red", xlab = "Month", ylab = "Rain fall", main =
"Rain fall chart")
lines(t, type = "o",
col = "blue")
dev.off()
Creating the Boxplot
Boxplots are created in R by using the boxplot() function.
Syntax
The basic syntax to create a boxplot in R is −boxplot(x, data, notch, varwidth, names, main)Following is the description of the parameters used −
·
x is a vector or a formula.
·
data is the data frame.
·
notch is a logical value. Set as TRUE to draw a
notch.
·
varwidth is a logical value. Set as true to draw
width of the box proportionate to the sample size.
·
names are the group labels which will be printed
under each boxplot.
·
main is used to give a title to the graph.
Example
àThe
below script will create a boxplot graph for the relation between mpg (miles
per gallon) and cyl (number of cylinders).
png(file = "boxplot.png")
boxplot(mpg ~ cyl, data = mtcars,
xlab = "Number of
Cylinders",
ylab = "Miles Per
Gallon", main = "Mileage Data")
dev.off()
Boxplot with Notch
png(file =
"boxplot_with_notch.png")
boxplot(mpg ~ cyl, data = mtcars,
xlab = "Number of Cylinders",
ylab = "Miles Per Gallon",
main = "Mileage Data",
notch = TRUE,
varwidth = TRUE,
col =
c("green","yellow","purple"),
names =
c("High","Medium","Low")
)
dev.off()
R - Pie Charts
In R the pie chart is created using the pie() function which takes positive numbers as a vector input. The additional parameters are used to control labels, color, title etc.
Syntax
The basic syntax for creating a pie-chart using the R is −pie(x, labels, radius, main, col, clockwise)Following is the description of the parameters used −
·
x is a vector containing the numeric values
used in the pie chart.
·
labels is used to give description to the slices.
·
radius indicates the radius of the circle of the
pie chart.(value between −1 and +1).
·
main indicates the title of the chart.
·
col indicates the color palette.
·
clockwise is a logical value indicating if the slices
are drawn clockwise or anti clockwise.
Example
x <- c(21,62,10,53)
labels <-
c("BCA","MCA","PGDCA","BSCIT")
pie(x,labels,main = "My Pie chart Demo",col
=rainbow(length(x)))
3D Pie Chart
A pie chart with 3 dimensions can be drawn using additional packages. The package plotrix has a function called pie3D() that is used for this.# Get the library.
library(plotrix)
x <-
c(21,62,10,53)
lbl <-
c("SE","ANDROID","BS","R_Lang")
pie3D(x,labels
= lbl,explode = 0.1,main="My Subjects")
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